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J Cosmet Med 2017; 1(2): 69-79

Published online December 31, 2017

https://doi.org/10.25056/JCM.2017.1.2.69

Asian upper blepharoplasty

Juwan Park, MD, PhD1, Changhyun Koh, MD1, Woongchul Choi, MD, PhD2

1Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Rep. of Korea, 2Myoung Eye Plastic Surgery Center, Seoul, Rep. of Korea

Correspondence to :
Woongchul Choi, Myoung Eye Plastic Surgery Center, 331 Bongeunsa-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06103, Rep. of Korea
Tel: 82-2-533-5576, Fax: 82-2-533-8876, E-mail: cwcmcdoc@hanmail.net

Received: August 23, 2017; Revised: November 11, 2017; Accepted: November 22, 2017

© Korean Society of Korean Cosmetic Surgery and Medicine (KSKCS & KCCS)

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Go to

Asian eyelids have different anatomical structures compared to Western eyelids; accordingly, the standards for the “beauty of eyes” vary among races and countries and have also changed with time. With increasing interest in cosmetic surgery, Korean cosmetic techniques and beauty standards have become wide spread in China and other Southeast Asian countries due to the influence of the Korean wave. The recent trend of beauty is naturalism. Although cosmetic operations are being performed, the inconvenience caused by the operation should be minimal, and a natural look is preferred. That is, minimally invasive surgery is necessary. To minimize unnecessary complications and to improve cosmetic and functional satisfaction with minimal invasion and uncomplicated methods according to the individual patient’s condition, we must thoroughly understand the characteristics of eyelid anatomy and function of Asian eyelids. Therefore, we describe the surgical procedure for successful upper eyelid surgery based on the characteristics of Asian eyelids.
Level of Evidence: V

Keywords: Asian eyelids, cosmetic surgery, a natural look, minimally invasive surgery

References

Go to
  1. Mathews G, White B. Japan’s changing generations: are young people creating a new society? London: RoutledgeCurzon;2004. 206 p.
    CrossRef
  2. Kakizaki H, Malhotra R, Selva D. Upper eyelid anatomy: an update. Ann Plast Surg 2009;63:336-43.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  3. Most SP, Mobley SR, Larrabee WF Jr. Anatomy of the eyelids. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2005;13:487-92, v.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  4. Park DH, Choi WS, Yoon SH, Song CH. Anthropometry of asian eyelids by age. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;121:1405-13.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  5. Sayoc BT. Absence of superior palpebral fold in slit eyes; an anatomic and physiologic explanation. Am J Ophthalmol 1956;42:298-300.
    CrossRef
  6. Bang YH, Chu HH, Park SH, Kim JH, Cho JW, Kim YS. The fallacy of the levator expansion theory. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;103:1788-91; discussion 1792-3.
  7. Liu D, Hsu WM. Oriental eyelids. Anatomic difference and surgical consideration. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;2:59-64.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  8. Doxanas MT, Anderson RL. Oriental eyelids. An anatomic study. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102:1232-5.
    CrossRef
  9. Jeong S, Lemke BN, Dortzbach RK, Park YG, Kang HK. The Asian upper eyelid: an anatomical study with comparison to the Caucasian eyelid. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:907-12.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  10. Kakizaki H, Takahashi Y, Nakano T, Asamoto K, Ikeda H, Iwaki M, et al. The causative factors or characteristics of the Asian double eyelid: an anatomic study. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2012;28:376-81.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  11. Drolet BC, Sullivan PK. Evidence-based medicine: blepharoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014;133:1195-205.
    Pubmed
  12. Rhee SC, Lee SH. Attractive composite faces of different races. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2010;34:800-1.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  13. Lee TE, Lee JM, Lee H, Park M, Kim KH, Baek S. Lash ptosis and associated factors in Asians. Ann Plast Surg 2010;65:40710.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  14. Malik KJ, Lee MS, Park DJ, Harrison AR. Lash ptosis in congenital and acquired blepharoptosis. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:1613-5.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  15. Yamamoto H, Morikawa K, Uchinuma E, Yamashina S. An anatomical study of the medial canthus using a three-dimensional model. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2001;25:189-93.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  16. Yi SK, Paik HW, Lee PK, Oh DY, Rhie JW, Ahn ST. Simple epicanthoplasty with minimal scar. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2007;31:350-3.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  17. Lew JM, Uhm KI, Kim IK, Hong SE. Modified double-eyelid operation method in epicanthal fold patient. J Korean Soc Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;22:1401-7.
  18. Tark KC, Kim JM. Z-epicanthoplasty combined with double eyelidplasty: its indication, results & pitfalls. J Korean Soc Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;29:515-20.
  19. Duke-Elder S. System of ophthalmology. London: St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1958.
  20. Jordan DR, Anderson RL. Epicanthal folds. A deep tissue approach. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107:1532-5.
    CrossRef
  21. Kakizaki H, Ichinose A, Nakano T, Asamoto K, Ikeda H. Anatomy of the epicanthal fold. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012;130:494e5e.
  22. Kwon B, Nguyen AH. Reconsideration of the epicanthus:evolution of the eyelid and the devolutional concept of Asian blepharoplasty. Semin Plast Surg 2015;29:171-83.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  23. Oh YW, Seul CH, Yoo WM. Medial epicanthoplasty using the skin redraping method. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119:703-10.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  24. Hu X, Lin X, Ma G, Jin Y, Chen H, Chen X, et al. Two-Z-epicanthoplasty in a three-dimensional model of Asian eyelids. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2012;36:788-94.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  25. Suhk JH, Kiranantawat K, Nguyen AH. Physical evaluation of the Asian blepharoplasty patient. Semin Plast Surg 2015;29:145-57.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  26. Baek JS, Ahn JH, Jang SY, Chee E, Jang JW. Comparison between continuous buried suture and interrupted buried suture methods for double eyelid blepharoplasty. J Craniofac Surg 2015;26:2174-6.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  27. Choi Y, Eo S. Outer fascia of orbicularis oculi muscle as an anchoring target tissue in double eyelid surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2016;27:322-7.
    Pubmed CrossRef

Article

Review Article

J Cosmet Med 2017; 1(2): 69-79

Published online December 31, 2017 https://doi.org/10.25056/JCM.2017.1.2.69

Copyright © Korean Society of Korean Cosmetic Surgery and Medicine (KSKCS & KCCS).

Asian upper blepharoplasty

Juwan Park, MD, PhD1, Changhyun Koh, MD1, Woongchul Choi, MD, PhD2

1Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Rep. of Korea, 2Myoung Eye Plastic Surgery Center, Seoul, Rep. of Korea

Correspondence to:Woongchul Choi, Myoung Eye Plastic Surgery Center, 331 Bongeunsa-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06103, Rep. of Korea
Tel: 82-2-533-5576, Fax: 82-2-533-8876, E-mail: cwcmcdoc@hanmail.net

Received: August 23, 2017; Revised: November 11, 2017; Accepted: November 22, 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Asian eyelids have different anatomical structures compared to Western eyelids; accordingly, the standards for the “beauty of eyes” vary among races and countries and have also changed with time. With increasing interest in cosmetic surgery, Korean cosmetic techniques and beauty standards have become wide spread in China and other Southeast Asian countries due to the influence of the Korean wave. The recent trend of beauty is naturalism. Although cosmetic operations are being performed, the inconvenience caused by the operation should be minimal, and a natural look is preferred. That is, minimally invasive surgery is necessary. To minimize unnecessary complications and to improve cosmetic and functional satisfaction with minimal invasion and uncomplicated methods according to the individual patient’s condition, we must thoroughly understand the characteristics of eyelid anatomy and function of Asian eyelids. Therefore, we describe the surgical procedure for successful upper eyelid surgery based on the characteristics of Asian eyelids.
Level of Evidence: V

Keywords: Asian eyelids, cosmetic surgery, a natural look, minimally invasive surgery

References

  1. Mathews G, White B. Japan’s changing generations: are young people creating a new society? London: RoutledgeCurzon;2004. 206 p.
    CrossRef
  2. Kakizaki H, Malhotra R, Selva D. Upper eyelid anatomy: an update. Ann Plast Surg 2009;63:336-43.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  3. Most SP, Mobley SR, Larrabee WF Jr. Anatomy of the eyelids. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2005;13:487-92, v.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  4. Park DH, Choi WS, Yoon SH, Song CH. Anthropometry of asian eyelids by age. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;121:1405-13.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  5. Sayoc BT. Absence of superior palpebral fold in slit eyes; an anatomic and physiologic explanation. Am J Ophthalmol 1956;42:298-300.
    CrossRef
  6. Bang YH, Chu HH, Park SH, Kim JH, Cho JW, Kim YS. The fallacy of the levator expansion theory. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;103:1788-91; discussion 1792-3.
  7. Liu D, Hsu WM. Oriental eyelids. Anatomic difference and surgical consideration. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;2:59-64.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  8. Doxanas MT, Anderson RL. Oriental eyelids. An anatomic study. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102:1232-5.
    CrossRef
  9. Jeong S, Lemke BN, Dortzbach RK, Park YG, Kang HK. The Asian upper eyelid: an anatomical study with comparison to the Caucasian eyelid. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:907-12.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  10. Kakizaki H, Takahashi Y, Nakano T, Asamoto K, Ikeda H, Iwaki M, et al. The causative factors or characteristics of the Asian double eyelid: an anatomic study. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2012;28:376-81.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  11. Drolet BC, Sullivan PK. Evidence-based medicine: blepharoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014;133:1195-205.
    Pubmed
  12. Rhee SC, Lee SH. Attractive composite faces of different races. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2010;34:800-1.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  13. Lee TE, Lee JM, Lee H, Park M, Kim KH, Baek S. Lash ptosis and associated factors in Asians. Ann Plast Surg 2010;65:40710.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  14. Malik KJ, Lee MS, Park DJ, Harrison AR. Lash ptosis in congenital and acquired blepharoptosis. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:1613-5.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  15. Yamamoto H, Morikawa K, Uchinuma E, Yamashina S. An anatomical study of the medial canthus using a three-dimensional model. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2001;25:189-93.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  16. Yi SK, Paik HW, Lee PK, Oh DY, Rhie JW, Ahn ST. Simple epicanthoplasty with minimal scar. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2007;31:350-3.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  17. Lew JM, Uhm KI, Kim IK, Hong SE. Modified double-eyelid operation method in epicanthal fold patient. J Korean Soc Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;22:1401-7.
  18. Tark KC, Kim JM. Z-epicanthoplasty combined with double eyelidplasty: its indication, results & pitfalls. J Korean Soc Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;29:515-20.
  19. Duke-Elder S. System of ophthalmology. London: St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1958.
  20. Jordan DR, Anderson RL. Epicanthal folds. A deep tissue approach. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107:1532-5.
    CrossRef
  21. Kakizaki H, Ichinose A, Nakano T, Asamoto K, Ikeda H. Anatomy of the epicanthal fold. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012;130:494e5e.
  22. Kwon B, Nguyen AH. Reconsideration of the epicanthus:evolution of the eyelid and the devolutional concept of Asian blepharoplasty. Semin Plast Surg 2015;29:171-83.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  23. Oh YW, Seul CH, Yoo WM. Medial epicanthoplasty using the skin redraping method. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119:703-10.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  24. Hu X, Lin X, Ma G, Jin Y, Chen H, Chen X, et al. Two-Z-epicanthoplasty in a three-dimensional model of Asian eyelids. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2012;36:788-94.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  25. Suhk JH, Kiranantawat K, Nguyen AH. Physical evaluation of the Asian blepharoplasty patient. Semin Plast Surg 2015;29:145-57.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  26. Baek JS, Ahn JH, Jang SY, Chee E, Jang JW. Comparison between continuous buried suture and interrupted buried suture methods for double eyelid blepharoplasty. J Craniofac Surg 2015;26:2174-6.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  27. Choi Y, Eo S. Outer fascia of orbicularis oculi muscle as an anchoring target tissue in double eyelid surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2016;27:322-7.
    Pubmed CrossRef

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