Non-permanent tattoo application of internet of things three-dimensional printer for beauty-art

Jisu Lee; Abhilash Aditya; Jihye Kim; Namsoo Peter Kim

doi:10.25056/JCM.2021.5.1.7

Original Article

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J Cosmet Med 2021; 5(1): 7-15

Published online June 30, 2021

https://doi.org/10.25056/JCM.2021.5.1.7

Non-permanent tattoo application of internet of things three-dimensional printer for beauty-art

Jisu Lee, MS^1,2 , Abhilash Aditya, PhD^1,2 , Jihye Kim, BFA³ , Namsoo Peter Kim, PhD^1,2,3

¹Department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
²Center for Printable Materials Certificates, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
³Brain Pool Program, K-CBD Center, Korea University, Seoul, Rep. of Korea

Correspondence to :
Namsoo Peter Kim
E-mail: nkim@utep.edu

Received: April 15, 2021; Revised: May 30, 2021; Accepted: May 31, 2021

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

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Abstract
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Background: The emphasis on non-face-to-face or untact operation services is on the rise due to the ongoing widespread of COVID-19 epidemics, which have caused severe damage worldwide. Untact technology has been applied not only to everyday life but also to the beauty art industry that relies on customer service with contact.
Objective: A safe non-permanent tattoo ink is necessary to overcome the stigma of permanent tattoos and tattoo removal procedures. The purpose of this study is to efficiently deliver non-permanent tattoo ink into the skin through sophisticated untact printing techniques and safe silver compound ink, further minimizing the side effects due to unsanitary conditions.
Methods: Silver-gelatin compound ink serves as an excellent alternative for conventional permanent tattoos with additives. Pistontype extruder (PTE) system and internet of things (IoT) integrated precision-controlled non-permanent and untact system using silver nanoparticle ink.
Results: Complex and sophisticated designs were three-dimensional (3D) printed using a non-permanent tattoo ink containing an optimum concentration of Ag+ under 5 N compression force through a 100 μm radius nozzle and diffused up to 200 μm into the stratum corneum through skin contact. Intradermal diffusion simulation and disappearance of the ink within two weeks of the human skin replacement cycle were successfully demonstrated.
Conclusion: The integration of IoT and 3D printers has enabled a hygienic untact tattoo printing technique that has been verified through repeated testing. This study could arouse positive possibilities and interests in the rapidly changing beauty art fields. It provides a new tattoo methodology and further research ideas for the 3D printing applications in tattoo production.

Keywords: nano-silver ink, non-permanent tattoo printing, piston-type extruder printing method, three-dimensional printer, three-dimensional printing

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Fig. 1.The assembled piston-type extruder (PTE) equipment using a pressure and temperature sensor. (A) Wall Mounted 3D Printer, (B) Monkey Bar Style 3D Printer, and (C) schematic image of PTE in the 3D printer with silver-gelatin compound ink.

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Article

Original Article

J Cosmet Med 2021; 5(1): 7-15

Published online June 30, 2021 https://doi.org/10.25056/JCM.2021.5.1.7